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St. Louis Cardinals Investigated by F.B.I. for Hacking Astros
By MICHAEL S. SCHMIDTJUNE 16, 2015

WASHINGTON — The F.B.I. and Justice Department prosecutors are investigating
front-office officials for the St. Louis Cardinals, one of the most successful
teams in baseball over the past two decades, for hacking into the internal
networks of a rival team to steal closely guarded information about player
personnel.

Investigators have uncovered evidence that Cardinals officials broke into a
network of the Houston Astros that housed special databases the team had
built, according to law enforcement officials. Internal discussions about
trades, proprietary statistics and scouting reports were compromised, the
officials said.

The officials did not say which employees were the focus of the investigation
or whether the team’s highest-ranking officials were aware of the hacking or
authorized it. The investigation is being led by the F.B.I.’s Houston field
office and has progressed to the point that subpoenas have been served on the
Cardinals and Major League Baseball for electronic correspondence.

The attack represents the first known case of corporate espionage in which a
professional sports team has hacked the network of another team. Illegal
intrusions into companies’ networks have become commonplace, but it is
generally conducted by hackers operating in foreign countries, like Russia
and China, who steal large tranches of data or trade secrets for military
equipment and electronics.

Major League Baseball “has been aware of and has fully cooperated with the
federal investigation into the illegal breach of the Astros’ baseball
operations database,” a spokesman for baseball’s commissioner, Rob Manfred,
said in a written statement.

The Cardinals officials under investigation have not been put on leave,
suspended or fired. The commissioner’s office is likely to wait until the
conclusion of the government’s investigation to determine whether to take
disciplinary action against the officials or the team.

The case is a rare mark of ignominy for the Cardinals, one of the sport’s
most revered and popular organizations. The team has the best record in
baseball this season (42-21), regularly commands outsize television ratings
and has reached the National League Championship Series nine times since 2000. The Cardinals, who last won the World Series in 2011, have 11 titles over all, second only to the Yankees.

Their owner, Bill DeWitt, is a highly regarded executive who last year was
in charge of the search committee for a new commissioner to replace the
retiring Bud Selig.

Law enforcement officials believe the hacking was executed by vengeful
front-office employees for the Cardinals hoping to wreak havoc on the work
of Jeff Luhnow, the Astros’ general manager who had been a successful and
polarizing executive with the Cardinals until 2011.

>From 1994 to 2012, the Astros and the Cardinals were division rivals, in
the National League. For a part of that time, Mr. Luhnow was a Cardinals
executive, primarily handling scouting and player development. One of many
innovative thinkers drawn to the sport by the “Moneyball” phenomenon, he
was credited with building baseball’s best minor league system, as well
as drafting several players who would become linchpins of the Cardinals’
2011 World Series-winning team.

The Astros hired Mr. Luhnow as general manager in December 2011, and he
quickly began applying his unconventional approach to running a baseball
team. In an exploration of the team’s radical transformation, Bloomberg
Business called it “a project unlike anything baseball has seen before.”

Under Mr. Luhnow, the Astros have accomplished a striking turnaround; they
are in first place in the American League West division. But in 2013, before
their revival at the major league level, their internal deliberations about
statistics and players were compromised, law enforcement officials said.

The intrusion did not appear to be sophisticated, the law enforcement
officials said. When Mr. Luhnow was with the Cardinals, the organization
built a computer network, called Redbird, to house all of their baseball
operations information — including scouting reports and player personnel
information. After leaving to join the Astros, and bringing some front-office
personnel with him from the Cardinals, Houston created a similar program
known as Ground Control.

Ground Control contained the Astros’ “collective baseball knowledge,”
according to a Bloomberg Business article published last year. The program
took a series of variables and “weights them according to the values
determined by the team’s statisticians, physicist, doctors, scouts and
coaches,” the article said.

Investigators believe Cardinals officials, concerned that Mr. Luhnow had
taken their idea and proprietary baseball information to the Astros,
examined a master list of passwords used by Mr. Luhnow and the other
officials who had joined the Astros when they worked for the Cardinals.
The Cardinals officials are believed to have used those passwords to gain
access to the Astros’ network, law enforcement officials said.

Last year, some of the information was posted anonymously online, according
to an article on Deadspin. Among the details that were exposed were trade
discussions that the Astros had with other teams. Mr. Luhnow was asked at
the time whether the breach would affect how he dealt with other teams.
 “Today I used a pencil and paper in all my conversations,” he said.

Believing that the Astros’ network had been compromised by a rogue hacker,
Major League Baseball notified the F.B.I., and the authorities in Houston
opened an investigation. Agents soon found that the Astros’ network had
been entered from a computer at a home that some Cardinals officials had
lived in. The agents then turned their attention to the team’s front
office.

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