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備註請放最後面 違者新聞文章刪除

1.媒體來源:

外媒    phys.org

2.記者署名:

Felicia Spencer, Virginia Tech

費莉西亞‧史賓塞，維吉尼亞理工大學

3.完整新聞標題:

Fantastic fungi found with ability to freeze water

發現了一種神奇的真菌，它能夠凍結水。

4.完整新聞內文:

Fantastic fungi found with ability to freeze water
by Felicia Spencer, Virginia Tech

edited by Lisa Lock, reviewed by Robert Egan

發現了一種神奇的真菌，它能夠凍結水。

作者：費莉西亞‧史賓塞，維吉尼亞理工大學

由麗莎· 洛克 編輯 ，羅伯特· 伊根審閱

Can fungi influence the weather? Turns out, they just might. An international
group of researchers that includes Virginia Tech's Xiaofeng Wang and Boris A.
Vinatzer discovered the identity of fungal proteins that can catalyze ice
formation at high subzero temperatures. The research is published in Science
Advances. One potential application of this discovery could be to engineer
weather.



How fungal proteins could seed clouds
In a process called cloud seeding, particles that can trigger the water in
the clouds to turn into ice crystals, called ice nucleators, are released
into clouds. The ice crystals then grow in size as more and more water
molecules stick to them. In a kind of snowball effect, the ice crystals grow
and become heavier, fall toward the ground, melt as they pass through the
atmosphere and become rain.

The traditional particle used for ice nucleating is silver iodide, which is
highly toxic. The researchers believe the fungal protein molecule could
provide a better alternative.

"If we learn how to cheaply produce enough of this fungal protein, then we
could put that into clouds and make cloud seeding much safer," said Vinatzer,
professor in the School of Plant and Environmental Sciences.

真菌蛋白如何為雲層播撒種子





A surprising origin story in fungi

The group also found evidence that the fungal gene encoding the ice
nucleation protein was likely acquired by a fungal ancestor from a bacterial
species through a process known as horizontal gene transfer, at least
hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of years ago.

"It is known that fungi can acquire genes from bacteria, but it's not
something that is common," said Vinatzer, an affiliate with the Translational
Plant Sciences Center. "So I never expected that this fungal gene had a
bacterial origin."

Researchers have known that fungi are capable of ice nucleation since the
early 1990s, Vinatzer said. Only recently, however, have advances in DNA
sequencing and computer science allowed them to sequence the genomes of the
specific class of fungi, the Mortierellacae family, and discover the gene
that encodes the ice nucleation protein.

真菌的驚人起源故事

研究小組還發現證據表明，編碼冰核蛋白的真菌基因很可能是真菌祖先透過水平基因轉移
過程從細菌物種獲得的，至少在數十萬年前，甚至可能在數百萬年前。

「眾所周知，真菌可以從細菌那裡獲得基因，但這並不常見，」轉化植物科學中心的研究
員維納策爾說。 “所以我從未想到這個真菌基因竟然來自細菌。”

維納策爾說，研究人員早在1990年代初就知道真菌具有冰核形成能力。然而，直到最近，
DNA測序和電腦科學的進步才使他們能夠對特定真菌類別—毛黴科（Mortierellacea）
的基因組進行測序，並發現編碼冰核蛋白的基因。

Promise for food and medical uses

While they still don't know how fungi benefit from the acquired gene, they do
know that the fungi have made modifications over the years to make it even
better. And that translates to making applications for human benefit better
as well.

The ice nucleating proteins produced by the fungi differ from those of
bacterial origin in that they are cell-free and water-soluble. These
differences make the fungal molecules more appealing in bioinspired freezing
technologies and engineered weather modifications.

For example, in the preparation of frozen foods, the fungal molecule would be
safer than the bacterial one because the fungus just secretes the ice
nucleation molecule, but the whole bacterial cell would be needed in the
bacterial ice nucleation.

可望用於食品和醫療用途



真菌產生的冰核蛋白與細菌產生的冰核蛋白不同，它們不含細胞且易溶於水。這些差異使
得真菌分子在仿生冷凍技術和人工氣候調控方面更具吸引力。

例如，在製備冷凍食品時，真菌分子比細菌分子更安全，因為真菌只需分泌冰核分子，而
細菌冰核的形成則需要整個細菌細胞。

"That's a big advantage in food production because you have just this one
well-defined protein and you can get rid of everything else," said Vinatzer,
who is also affiliated with the Fralin Life Sciences Center. "There is the
possibility to develop a safe, effective additive that helps in the
preparation of frozen food."

Another potential use for fungal ice nucleation is in cryopreservation of
cells such as tissues, sperm, eggs, and embryos.

"Adding a fungal ice nucleator, which is a relatively small molecule, makes
the water around the cell freeze much earlier before it gets very cold, to
protect the delicate cell inside," Vinatzer said. "You couldn't do that with
the bacteria because you would have to add entire bacterial cells."



真菌冰核的另一個潛在用途是冷凍保存細胞，例如組織、精子、卵子和胚胎。



Implications for clouds and climate models
Ice nucleation is also important for climate models, according to Vinatzer.
Climate models predict how much radiation is reflected by clouds into space
and how much reaches Earth. Ice in the clouds allows more radiation to go
through to Earth.

"Now that we know this fungal molecule, it will become easier to find out how
much of these kinds of molecules are in clouds," Vinatzer said. "And in the
long run, this research could contribute to developing better climate models."

Vinatzer began his ice nucleation research at Virginia Tech with David
Schmale, professor and director of the Translational Plant Sciences Center,
who leads a summer ice nucleation research program in Austria for
undergraduate students, while Xiaofeng Wang contributed his expertise in
yeast biotechnology to confirm the identity of the new gene.

Publication details
Rosemary J. Eufemio et al, A previously unrecognized class of fungal
ice-nucleating proteins with bacterial ancestry, Science Advances (2026).
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aed9652

Journal information: Science Advances

對雲和氣候模式的影響

維納策爾指出，冰核的形成對氣候模型也至關重要。氣候模型可以預測雲層反射到太空的
輻射量以及到達地球的輻射量。雲層中的冰允許更多輻射穿透雲層到達地球。

「既然我們已經了解了這種真菌分子，就更容易確定雲層中這類分子的含量，」維納策爾
說。 “從長遠來看，這項研究可能有助於開發更好的氣候模型。”



出版詳情

Rosemary J. Eufemio 等人，《一類先前未被發現的、具有細菌起源的真菌冰核蛋白》，
《科學進展》 (2026)。 DOI ：10.1126/sciadv.aed9652

期刊資訊： 《科學進展》

5.完整新聞連結 (或短網址)不可用YAHOO、LINE、MSN等轉載媒體:

https://phys.org/news/2026-03-fantastic-fungi-ability.html

6.備註:

以後這種真菌蛋白就叫做大紅蓮氷輪丸了

https://youtu.be/S31Sn_cNmYg



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