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作者 Ctea (Ctea)
標題 [筆記] note Google Search: 可再生能源永續能源（綠色能源；綠能）替代能源生質能源
時間 2015-10-08 Thu. 18:03:12

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/1...deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/er.1804/abstract
Bio-oil, solid and gaseous biofuels from biomass pyrolysis processes—An overview - Vamvuka - 2011 - International Journal of Energy Research - Wiley Online Library

As the global demand for energy rapidly increases and fossil fuels will be soon exhausted, bio-energy has become one of the key options for shorter and medium term substitution for fossil fuels and the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. Biomass currently supplies 14% of the world's energy needs. Biomass pyrolysis has a long history and substantial future potential—driven by increased interest in renewable energy. This article presents the state-of-the-art of biomass pyrolysis systems, which have been—or are expected to be—commercialized. Performance levels, technological status, market penetration of new technologies and the costs of modern forms of biomass energy are discussed.

The short residence time pyrolysis of biomass (flash pyrolysis), at moderate temperatures, is being used to obtain a high yield of liquid products (up to 70% wt), particularly interesting as energetic vectors.

Bio-oil can substitute for fuel oil—or diesel fuel—in many static applications including boilers, furnaces, engines and turbines for electricity generation.

An attractive future transportation fuel can be hydrogen, produced by steam reforming of the whole oil, or its carbohydrate-derived fraction.

Pyrolysis gas—containing significant amount of carbon dioxide, along with methane—might be used as a fuel for industrial combustion. Presently, heat applications are most economically competitive, followed by combined heat and power applications; electric applications are generally not competitive.

全球能源供給14% 替代品靜態應用器材 Biocrud 商業生物質粗油生物質氣體燃料輕質燃油替代品輕油替代物 #輕質油運輸用燃料 #經濟效益
http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Despina_Vamvuka/publications
http://www.agrostrat.gr/sites/default/files/files/CV_Vamvuka_EN_March13_final.pdf
Despina Vamvuka - Publications - ResearchGate

http://www.enveng.tuc.gr/pdf/cvs/CV-IDAX-Kastanaki-en.pdf
Eleni Kastanaki
#希臘

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638099001242
The scope for generating bio-oils with relatively low oxygen contents via hydropyrolysis
低氧含量
#蘇格蘭格拉斯哥

http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/10/9319/2010/acp-10-9319-2010.html

ACP - Abstract - Polar organic marker compounds in atmospheric aerosols during the LBA-SMOCC 2002 biomass burning experiment in Rondônia, Brazil: sources and source processes, time series, diel variations and size distributions

#德國比利時烏克蘭
#極性物質

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_energy#Definitions = 綠色能源
Sustainable Energy has two key components: renewable energy and energy efficiency.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_energy
#可再生能源永續能源綠色能源替代能源定義

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy
#低碳經濟

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032106001602
Improvements of Brazilian carbonization industry as part of the creation of a global biomass economy
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/001623619190186E
Characterization of biomass pyrolysis tars produced in the relative absence of extraparticle secondary reactions
SB SCB 甘蔗渣 sugar-cane bagasse and silver birch 銀樺
#英國倫敦
wire-mesh reactor
網格網眼反應爐

wire-mesh reactor - Google 搜尋

vapour pressure osmometry (v.p.o.) VPO
http://www.imperial.ac.uk/people/r.kandiyoti
Ana-Rita Fraga
#土耳其

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196890400001370f
Biomass resource facilities and biomass conversion processing for fuels and chemicals
Ayhan Demirbaş
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261910002850
Competitive liquid biofuels from biomass
有競爭性的生物質燃料

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148105000935
Effect of heating rate on the pyrolysis yields of rapeseed

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196890409000946
Potential contribution of biomass to the sustainable energy development

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382099000041
Biofuel production using slow pyrolysis of the straw and stalk of the rapeseed plant
# 土耳其

agricultural residues as feedstocks for lactic acid fermentation - Google 搜尋
#農業廢棄物

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921344913001262
Biorefinery study of availability of agriculture residues and wastes for integrated biorefineries in Brazil
Agriculture residue; Animal waste; Biomaterials; Biomass to liquid technology (BTL); Biorefineries

http://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/Bi...azilian_Lignocellulosic_Wastes
Brazilian Lignocellulosic Wastes for Bioenergy Production: Characterization and Comparison with Fossil Fuels | Protásio | BioResources

The aim of this paper was to analyze energy-related properties of forestry and agricultural wastes for energy production purposes, and to compare them with fossil fuels. The forestry wastes used were red cedar, Eucalyptus, and Pinus wood shavings. The agricultural wastes analyzed were rice husk, coffee wastes, sugar cane bagasse, maize harvesting wastes, and bamboo cellulose pulp. The forestry wastes presented more suitable properties for bioenergy production than the agricultural wastes. Desirable energetic properties were found for coffee wastes. The opposite was verified for rice husks. Among the biomass studied, coffee wastes presented the highest equivalent in fossil fuel volume and hence may lead to the highest decrease in CO2 emissions by fossil fuels used in Brazil for steam and heat production. The results suggests that CO2 benefits can be obtained if bioenergy is generated in the same locale where biomass is produced, avoiding CO2 cost of logistics and leading to greater end-use efficiency. The present work promotes the widespread use of different lignocellulosic wastes for bioenergy production and gives useful information for the planning and the control of power plants using biomass.

Biomass is often the only accessible and affordable source of energy in rural areas or remote locations.

"Microwave-heated pyrolysis of waste automotive engine oil: Influence of operation parameters on the yield, composition, and fuel properties of pyrolysis oil"
#偏遠地區
#咖啡
#米殼

http://www.eolss.net/sample-chapters/c17/e6-58-06-16.pdf
Biomass Feedstocks - eolss

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096195341200284X
Brazilian sugarcane bagasse: Energy and non-energy consumption

second-generation ethanol

http://biomassmagazine.com/articles/2299/sugarcane-bagasse-could-benefit-brazil-energy-matrix
Sugarcane bagasse could benefit Brazil energy matrix | Biomassmagazine.com

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0273122399003716
Temperature and pH control in composting of coffee and agricultural wastes

----

"Brazil" "biomass" "pyrolysis" - Google 搜尋

http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-011-3844-4_13
http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-011-3844-4_13
Biomass Pyrolysis in Brazil: Status Report - Springer

http://www.researchgate.net/publicat...O_BIOMASS_CONVERSION_IN_BRAZIL
THE DEMONSTRATION FAST PYROLYSIS PLANT TO BIOMASS CONVERSION IN BRAZIL
#mansory #masonry #石造窯

http://www.unicamp.br/fea/ortega/energy/Pippo.pdf
EMERGY EVALUATION OF BIO-OIL PRODUCTION USING SUGARCANE BIOMASS RESIDUES AT FAST PYROLYSIS PILOT PLANT IN BRAZIL

Fast pyrolysis can directly produce a liquid fuel from biomass named bio-oil. It can be readily stored or transported.

This liquid fuel can be a substitute for fuel oil in any static heating or electricity generation application and can also be used to produce a range of commodities and chemicals, such as phenol and its derivates.

bio-oil (60-70 %), powder charcoal (20%) and gas (10-20%).

The process to obtain bio-oil through fast pyrolysis is a thermo-chemical conversion consisting a fast transmission of heat to biomass, its degradation and subsequent and immediate cooling in an environment that is suitable for the separation of pyrolysis products.

Through this process it is possible to avoid the destruction of the polymeric chains and undesirable secondary reactions involving the products obtained through the heating of biomass at a temperature of 400- 500 oC and very short residence times.

Although fast pyrolysis is a common process it has not been completely described yet since there are not accurate methods to allow its immediate reproduction without going through the previous scale-up and experiment processes. Different researches have been carried out in Latin America since the last decade to investigate the use of a wide range of native residues, mainly in the sugarcane industry.

#衍伸產品 #鍵結鍊 #裂解流程圖 #生成氣體再利用

[Book] Biomass Pyrolysis Liquids Upgrading and Utilization - Google 圖書

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef401644v
Using Bio-oil Produced by Biomass Pyrolysis as Diesel Fuel - Energy & Fuels (ACS Publications)

This study evaluated the effect of biomass (soybean oil, eucalyptus sawdust, and coffee grounds) pyrolysis oil on the formulation of diesel fuels.

Additionally, particulate matter emissions are reduced significantly by up to 30% when compared with the base fuel.

#生質柴油 #咖啡渣 #Base Oil 基礎油 #PM懸浮粒子 #化學穩定性 #Cetane number

Biomass Pyrolysis Liquids Upgrading and Utilization - Google 圖書

http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4684-8992-7_3
Biomass Pyrolysis: A Review of the Literature Part 1—Carbohydrate Pyrolysis - Springer
#碳水化合物熱裂解

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852400000857
Effect of pyrolysis temperature on composition, surface properties and thermal degradation rates of Brazil Nut shells
#表面性質巴西堅果熱裂解溫度的影響

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237011000088

Biomass pyrolysis is a fundamental thermochemical conversion process that is of both industrial and ecological importance. From designing and operating industrial biomass conversion systems to modeling the spread of wildfires, an understanding of solid state pyrolysis kinetics is imperative. A critical review of kinetic models and mathematical approximations currently employed in solid state thermal analysis is provided. Isoconversional and model-fitting methods for estimating kinetic parameters are comparatively evaluated. The thermal decomposition of biomass proceeds via a very complex set of competitive and concurrent reactions and thus the exact mechanism for biomass pyrolysis remains a mystery. The pernicious persistence of substantial variations in kinetic rate data for solids irrespective of the kinetic model employed has exposed serious divisions within the thermal analysis community and also caused the broader scientific and industrial community to question the relevancy and applicability of all kinetic data obtained from heterogeneous reactions. Many factors can influence the kinetic parameters, including process conditions, heat and mass transfer limitations, physical and chemical heterogeneity of the sample, and systematic errors. An analysis of thermal decomposition data obtained from two agricultural residues, nutshells and sugarcane bagasse, reveals the inherent difficulty and risks involved in modeling heterogeneous reaction systems.

#生態與工業 #野火 #森林大火

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef00032a001
Opportunities for biomass pyrolysis liquids production and upgrading - Energy & Fuels (ACS Publications) [1992]
#升級Upgrade
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie030791o
Transformation of Oxygenate Components of Biomass Pyrolysis Oil on a HZSM-5 Zeolite. I. Alcohols and Phenols - Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research (ACS Publications)
#Zeolite沸石

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0961953497000214
Separation of phenols from Eucalyptus wood tar
尤加利樹焦油

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/er.1804/full
Bio-oil, solid and gaseous biofuels from biomass pyrolysis processes—An overview - Vamvuka - 2011 - International Journal of Energy Research - Wiley Online Library

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie0504856
Biomass Pyrolysis in a Fluidized Bed Reactor. Part 1: Literature Review and Model Simulations - Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research (ACS Publications)

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/001623619190186E
Characterization of biomass pyrolysis tars produced in the relative absence of extraparticle secondary reactions
生物質熱裂解焦油
二次反應

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0961953411000638
Review of fast pyrolysis of biomass and product upgrading
熱裂解產物升級
http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/Article.aspx?ID=0354-98360402021B
Biomass fast pyrolysis
by Bridgewater, Anthony V.

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2000JD900791/full

Biomass fire consumption and carbon release rates of rainforest-clearing experiments conducted in northern Mato Grosso, Brazil - Carvalho - 2001 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres - Wiley Online Library

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S138358661000376X
Separation characteristics of biomass pyrolysis oil in molecular distillation
#分子蒸餾

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038092X03003141
Biomass gasification integrated with pyrolysis in a circulating fluidised bed
#生物質氣化升級 via 熱裂解

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032110000183
Sustainability considerations for electricity generation from biomass
#發電

[書籍] Industrial uses of biomass energy: the example of Brazil

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261903000953
Biomass resources for energy in North-Eastern Brazil

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef9501859
High-Yield Biomass Charcoal - Energy & Fuels (ACS Publications)
#高產能高產量生物炭

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/cr068360d
Synthesis of transportation fuels from biomass: chemistry, catalysts, and engineering
在發現(初期)低廉的石化燃料，人類社會一項都是使用生物質燃料的
#合成燃料運輸燃油 inexpensive

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148109002997
Syngas from sugarcane pyrolysis: An experimental study for fuel cell applications
#甘蔗熱裂解燃料電池 Molten carbonate fuel cell 碳水化合物

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anie.200801476/pdf

Biofuels and Biomass-To-Liquid Fuels in the Biorefinery: Catalytic Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass using Porous Materials - Stöcker - 2008 - Angewandte Chemie International Edition - Wiley Online Library

#挪威

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/98JD00773/full

Comparisons of techniques for measuring shortwave absorption and black carbon content of aerosols from biomass burning in Brazil - Reid - 1998 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres - Wiley Online Library

#氣溶膠短波吸收

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231098001459
Levoglucosan, a tracer for cellulose in biomass burning and atmospheric particles

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016523701200071X
Biomass torrefaction under different oxygen concentrations and its effect on the composition of the solid by-product

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032107001256
Biomass-based energy fuel through biochemical routes: A review

http://www5.zetatalk.com/docs/Gasifi...mass_Power_Generation_1998.pdf
Small-Scale Gasification-Based Biomass Power Generatio

In a typical fann-forestry program in Brazil, a forestry company provides the material inputs and technical know-how for establishing trees on a fanner's land (I to 50 hectares of trees per farm) and contracts with the fanner to buy some or all of the first harvest for an agreed upon price that incorporates repayment for the initial inputs and services. The inputs include saplings (typically some species of eucalyptus in Brazil), fertilizers (applied at planting), herbicides (applied at some point after planting), and pesticides. The company samples the farmer's soil and provides inputs "tuned" to that farmer's soil.

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15567030600817878

Pyrolysis of Biomass from Sustainable Energy Plantations: Effect of Mineral Matter Reduction on Kinetics and Charcoal Pore Structure - Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects - Volume 30, Issue 9

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1516-14392010000300016&script=sci_arttext
[HTML] Materials produced from plant biomass: Part I: evaluation of thermal stability and pyrolysis of wood

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852414000637
Fast microwave assisted pyrolysis of biomass using microwave absorbent

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0961953403000163
Comprehensive comparison of efficiency and CO2 emissions between biomass energy conversion technologies—position of supercritical water gasification in biomass technologies

Battery electric vehicle, gasoline hybrid electric vehicle, and gas full cell vehicle (FCV) show high efficiency in automobiles.

#生物質為最理想燃料 #木煤氣車 #循環電池 #日本

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016236109000672
Biofuels from waste fish oil pyrolysis: Continuous production in a pilot plant
#魚油輕質與重質生物油

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10934520801959864
Slow pyrolysis of poultry litter and pine woody biomass: Impact of chars and bio-oils on microbial growth - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A - Volume 43, Issue 7
#森林火災野火火耕木炭製程土中與水中微生物

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2005JD006741/full
[全文] Overview of the inorganic and organic composition of size-segregated aerosol in Rondônia, Brazil, from the biomass-burning period to the onset of the wet season
#乾季濕季雨季一堆作者 LBA-SMOCC 野火森陵大火

http://www.researchgate.net/profile/...s/00b7d52b20e9264bd4000000.pdf
Review of the pyrolysis platform for coproducing bio-oil and biochar

Pyrolysis is a relatively simple, inexpensive, and robust thermochemical technology for transforming biomass into bio-oil, biochar, and syngas.

The robust nature of the pyrolysis technology, which allows considerable fl exibility in both the type and quality of the biomass feedstock, combined with a distributed network of small pyrolysis plants, would be compatible with existing agriculture and forestry infrastructure.

Biochar is an effective adsorbent for both nutrients and organic contaminants, hence the presence of biochar in soils has been shown to improve water quality in column leaching and fi eld lysimeters studies and it is anticipated to do the same for agricultural watersheds.

At the present time, the pyrolysis platform is economically marginal because markets for bio-oil and biochar are highly competitive. However, if the USA adopts a program for controlling greenhouse gases, the pyrolysis platform would be highly competitive.

#在農場或林場設置小型熱裂解廠
#活性炭應用木炭替代品土壤改良保濕保水營養質

http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/6307004
Preliminary engineering data for scale up of a biomass vacuum pyrolysis reactor (Conference) | SciTech Connect

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0961953402000612
Rapid pyrolysis of agricultural residues at high temperature

Chars from olive waste and straw are more reactive in gasification than chars from birch because of the higher ash content.
#瑞典
#農業廢棄物
#氣化溫度 (800–1000° C)

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852408001776
Thermal conversion of elephant grass (Pennisetum Purpureum Schum) to bio-gas, bio-oil and charcoal
#雜草芒草象草
#Energy crop 能源作物
#Fodder crop
#防止土壤侵蝕
http://bioenergycrops.com/blog/2013/09/09/biofuels-sustainability/

Bioenergy Crops Biofuels sustainability: Not all alternatives are the same. - Bioenergy Crops

#Grass Biochar
+
http://www.biochar-international.org/images/Agrichar_May2,_2007_Presentation-Radlein.pdf

The potential role of Agrichar in the Commercialization of Dynamotive’s Fast Pyrolysis Process

#焦油 #農業炭 #產量

via elephant grass pyrolysis - Google 搜尋

--
※ 作者: Ctea 時間: 2015-10-08 18:03:12
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2015-12-28 11:14:02
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2016-11-29 13:54:13

: Moved from: https://disp.cc/b/261-9OBK

https://www.worldjournal.com/2871932/article-夏威夷-催生100-再生能源州/
夏威夷催生100%再生能源州 | 世界新聞網

#綠能

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2017-01-15 18:21:06
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-05-02 09:21:50 (台灣)

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