看板 Hindi
作者 BonneCherie (小號詩人)標題 [筆記] 使役動詞時間 2010年09月12日 Sun. PM 06:43:53
◥ 使役動詞 ◤
在使役動詞的句子結構裡，主詞自身沒有做該動作，但是使役他人去做該動作。英文的使役結構通常會用make, cause, get, 或 have等動詞，例: You made me trip; I got her to come with us；而在印度語裡，使役動詞有分1 、2型。
一、 使役動詞型1
使役動詞型1有使字根動詞的動作產生的意思 (cause to the action of the verb; cause to V)。
一般動詞的不定式組成: 動詞字根 + ना
使役動詞型1的組成 : 動詞字根 + आ + ना
(即: 使役動詞型1多了個 आ )
二、 使役動詞型2
使役動詞型2有使役其他人讓字根動詞的動作產生的意思 (to cause to the action of the verb by someone else; cause to V by someone else)
一般動詞的不定式組成: 動詞字根 + ना
使役動詞型2的組成 : 動詞字根 + वा + ना
(即: 使役動詞型2多了個 वा )
注意: 使役動詞1, 2型都是及物動詞，在完成式時態裡，主詞要改用施事格
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動詞不定式
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使役動詞型1
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使役動詞型2
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style="color: black; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); text-align: center;">पढ़ना
(to study)
style="color: black; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); text-align: center;">पढ़ाना
(to cause to study, to teach,
to finance someone's studies,
to send someone to school...
meaning depends on context.)
style="color: black; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); text-align: center;">पढ़वाना
(to cause someone to be taught by someone)
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style="color: black; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); text-align: center;">लिखना
(to write)
style="color: black; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); text-align: center;">लिखाना
(to cause somebody to write, to dictate)
style="color: black; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); text-align: center;">लिखवाना
(to cause something to be written by someone)
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style="color: black; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); text-align: center;">उठना
(to rise, to get up)
style="color: black; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); text-align: center;">उठाना
(to wake someone up, to lift)
style="color: black; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); text-align: center;">उठवाना
(to cause something to be lifted by someone)
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style="color: black; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); text-align: center;">जलना
(to burn, as in to be on fire)
style="color: black; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); text-align: center;">जलाना
(to burn something)
style="color: black; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); text-align: center;">जलवाना
(to cause something to be burn)
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style="color: black; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); text-align: center;">जनना
(to become)
style="color: black; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); text-align: center;">जनाना
(to make)
style="color: black; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); text-align: center;">जनवाना
(to cause to become)
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style="color: black; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); text-align: center;">सुनना
(to hear)
style="color: black; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); text-align: center;">सुनाना
(to tell, to narrate)
style="color: black; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); text-align: center;">सुनवाना
(to make something be narrated by someone)
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style="color: black; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); text-align: center;">पकना
(to mature, ripen)
style="color: black; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); text-align: center;">पकाना
(to cook)
style="color: black; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); text-align: center;">पकवाना
(to make something to be cooked)
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1. The food was/got burned.
→ खाना जल गया |
2. My sister burned the food.
→ मेरी बहन ने खाना जला दिया |
3. The children's noise made the food get burned (by my sister).
→ बच्चों के शोर ने (बहन से) खाना जलवा दिया |
सुनना (to hear):
1. Listen to this song!
→ यह गाना सुनो!
2. (Our) son sang us a song. (made us hear a song.)
→ बेटे ने हमको एक गाना सुनाया |
3. Father had the children sing a song.
→ पिताजी ने बच्चों से एक गाना सुनवाया |
बनना (to become):
1. This will become a very beautiful house.
→ यह बहुत सुन्दर घर बनेगा |
2. These laborers built our house.
→ इन मजदूरों ने हमारा घर बनाया |
3. Shah Jahan had the Taj Mahal built by 20,000 laborers.
→ शहाजहाँ ने बिस हज़ार मजदूरों से ताजमहल बनवाया |
例外一: 有些使役動詞型1變化是把 आ 加在字根倒數第二音節:
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動詞不定式
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使役動詞型1
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使役動詞型2
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style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255);">कटना
(to cut)
style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255);">काटना
(to cut)
style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255);">कटवाना
(to make something be cut by someone)
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style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255);">निकलना
(to come out)
style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255);">निकालना
(to take out, to throw out)
style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255);">निकलवाना
(to make something/someone be taken out by someone)
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style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255);">मरना
(to die)
style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255);">मारना
(to kill, to beat)
style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255);">मरवाना
(to have someone killed or beaten by someone)
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style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255);">फिरना
(to stroll)
style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255);">फिराना
(to give a tour)
style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255);">फिरवाना
(to have a tour given by someone)
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style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 153, 255); color: black;">
例外
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 153, 255); color: black;">
動詞不定式
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 153, 255); color: black;">
使役動詞型1
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使役動詞型2
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style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">
इ → ई
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">पिसना
(to floor)
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">पीसना
(to grind)
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">पिसवाना
(to have something ground)
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style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">
उ → ऊ
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">लुटना
(to be looted)
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">लूटना
(to loot)
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">लुटवाना
(to have looted)
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उ → ओ
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">खुलना
(to open, as in "the shop opens")
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">खोलना
(to open something)
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">खुलवाना
(to make something be opened by someone)
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style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">
ऊ → उ
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">घूमना
(to stroll)
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">घुमाना
(to give a tour)
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">घुमवाना
(to have a tour given by someone)
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style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">
ए → इ
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">लेटना
(to lie down)
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">लिटाना
(to lay down)
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">लेटवाना
(to make something be laid down by someone)
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style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">
ऐ → इ
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">बैठना
(to sit)
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">बिठाना
(to cause to sit)
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">बैठवाना
(to cause someone to be seated by someone)
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style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">
ओ → उ
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">बोलना
(to say)
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">बुलाना
(to call)
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">बुलवाना
(to make something be called)
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cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 153, 255); color: black;">
動詞不定式
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 153, 255); color: black;">
使役動詞型1
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使役動詞型2
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style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">सोना
(to sleep)
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">सुलाना
(to put into bed)
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">सुलवाना
(to make somebody sleep)
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style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">पीना
(to drink)
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">पिलाना
(to give to drink)
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">पिलवाना
(to make something be drunk by someone)
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style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">खाना
(to eat)
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">खिलाना
(to feed)
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">खिलवाना
(to have something be eaten by someone)
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cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 153, 255); color: black;">
動詞不定式
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 153, 255); color: black;">
使役動詞型1
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 153, 255); color: black;">
使役動詞型2
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style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">बिकना
(to sell, as in "this book sells")
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">बेचना
(to sell)
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">बिकवाना
(to make something sell)
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style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">छूटना
(to leave, to depart,to get rid of)
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">छेड़ना
(to free)
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">छुड़वाना
(to make free by someone)
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style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">टूटना
(to break)
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">टोड़ना
(to break)
style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255); color: black;">टुड़वाना
(to have something broken by someone)
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※ 來源: Disp BBS 看板: Hindi 文章連結: http://disp.cc/b/145-yge
※ 編輯: BonneCherie 時間: 2010-10-06 17:00:34 來自: WLAN98-225.Dynamic.NCTU.edu.tw